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B. Structure of the Earth System
1. The solid Earth is layered with a lithosphere;
hot, convecting; and dense metallic core.
a.
Describe how
seismic wave velocities support the existence of a layered Earth.
b. Explain the relative position, density,
and composition of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core.
c.
Differentiate
among composition, density, and location of continental crust and oceanic crust.
d. Identify the lithosphere as comprised
of crust and uppermost mantle.
e.
Identify the
asthenosphere as the hot convecting mantle below the lithosphere.
f.
Compare the
physical nature of the lithosphere (brittle and rigid) with the asthenosphere
(plastic and flowing).
g.
Examine how the lithosphere
responds to tectonic forces (faulting and folding).
An object that is not being subjected to a force will continue to move
at a constant speed in a straight line. If more than one force acts on an object
along a straight line then the forces will reinforce or cancel one another depending
on their direction and magnitude. Unbalanced forces will cause changes in the
speed or direction of an object’s motion.
a. Analyze the direction and effects of forces
in a variety of situations (e.g., gravity, friction).
b. Compare and contrast forces that are balanced
and unbalanced.
c. Use arrows to illustrate the magnitude
and direction of a force applied to an object.
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