General Information:

Main Activities:

Internet
Resources:

 

 
 [TLC Homepage]  [About the Project]  [Activities] [SUNRAY] [PT3]


Propaganda as a Metaphor or form of Persuasive Writing and the Art of World War II Posters

A Lesson Plan to be used in conjunction with reading The Diary of Anne Frank

Title:  Propaganda Art and Posters of Persuasion of World War II
Subject Areas:
Visual Art and Language Arts

Grade Level: 
8th
Teacher: 
Lou Wylie
School: 
Gold Hill Middle School

Summary of Lesson: The art of war has been studied and reviewed for years.  Although most would feel that wars most destructive tools are the weapons, unless there is a public opinion of approval of your governments’ actions, war is difficult to wage.  The US learned that lesson during the Vietnam War.  Words, posters, and films were all used during World War II to engage the cooperation of American, British, and German citizens’ hearts and minds.  This lesson will examine through an introductory Power Point presentation the different types of cartoons and posters of World War II.  It is understood that the students have been introduced to persuasive writings and posters as a visual art tool.  The Office of Government Reports was created in 1939 as an administrative unit in the Executive Office of the President to succeed the Executive Council, 1933-34, and the National Emergency Council, 1934-39. The general functions of these agencies were to coordinate Federal relief and recovery programs and later the home front aspects of the defense and war effort, to provide information about the Government, and to serve as a liaison between Federal and State Governments, including assistance in the preparation of State legislation. By an Executive Order of June 13, 1942, the Office of Government Reports was abolished and its functions transferred to the Office of War Information (OWI), which was established by that order.  Even the Office of the Surgeon General issued several posters on the health risks during the war.  Countries recruited some of their most famous artists to produce these documents.  Evidence of that can been seen in the US’s use of Dr. Seuss (Theodore Gisele) and Disney.  Each student will pick one poster (American, German, health – students must show their selection to the teacher – there are enough posters on the web to provide students with a varied selection therefore each student should pick a different poster from their classmates) created during this time period, provide a copy of the poster, write a written explanation of the poster, and then create a persuasion poster of the same type for an issue of today.  The student will understand how biases can form opinions thus creating conflict and intolerance. 
Lesson Details
Objectives: 
  1. The SC standards for visual art and English/Language Arts are listed below.
  2. The student will examine biases and how their biases can create false opinions.
  3. The students will practice “writing” and “reading” in a different format.  They will understand whether the poster displays one of the 5 types of propaganda techniques (bandwagon, testimonial, transfer, repetition, emotional words).
  4. The student will explore persuasive writing.
  5. The students will work in cooperative groups for their larger projects.
Setting: One computer classroom, library, or lab
Procedures:    The students will have been reading The Diary of Anne Frank therefore having an understanding of the intolerance the Nazi regime had of the Jewish people.  The teacher will introduce posters of World War II and their propaganda messages through the attached Power Point presentation.  Then the students will research a poster of their choice, explain the poster, and then create a poster of their own with a written persuasion paper explaining their poster.  Additionally this lesson is meant to be a part of the study of the culture of the world and more specifically the US prior to, during, and after WW II and the cooperative groups will need to include at least four different examples of poster art in their project (see the corresponding math and history lesson plans).
Technology 
Specific Activity/
Project Description:
The culminating activity of the Changing Women’s Roles, Propaganda, and Math activity while reading The Diary of Anne Frank (or any other World War II appropriate literature) is for a cooperative group to present a multimedia report to their class including there presentations from the three above mentioned lesson plans.  Currently we have access to Power Point and Front Page therefore these programs will be available to the students at school.  The students will use the Internet as well as print media for research.  The students can import pictures from the web or scan pictures from print media. 
Assessment:  The teacher will provide a rubric to grade the poster and interpretation and the student’s original poster and written persuasion accompanying the original poster.  Additional assessment will be on the group project.  
State Standards Met:

I. Reading/Literature

B. The student will apply knowledge of the characteristics and elements of various literary forms including short stories, essays, speeches, lyric and narrative poems, plays, and novels.

  • Explain the use of symbols and figurative language.
  • Describe inferred main ideas or themes.
  • Describe cause-effect relationships and their impact on plot.
  • Describe and evaluate how authors use characters, point of view, mood, and tone to create meaning.
  • Analyze similarities and differences between texts and authors.
  • Compare and contrast the use of the poetic elements of word choice, dialogue, rhyme, rhythm, and voice.
  • Explain how a literary selection can expand or enrich personal viewpoints or experiences.

C. The student will comprehend and analyze what is read from a variety of sources.

  • Draw on background knowledge and knowledge of text structure to understand selections.
  • Analyze details for relevance and accuracy.
  • Analyze important elements and evaluate relationships by examining and determining validity, bias, purpose, audience, statements of opinion that are not clearly identified, and provision of adequate support.
  • Read and follow instructions to assemble a model or simple structure.
  • Evaluate and synthesize information to apply in written and oral presentations.

D. The student will analyze mass media messages.

  • Identify the persuasive technique being used.
  • Describe the possible cause-effect relationships between mass media coverage and public opinion trends.
  • Evaluate selections, such as advertisements, editorials, and feature stories for relationships between intent and factual content.

F. The student will analyze important elements of complete texts and evaluate relationships to the whole in both print and non-print sources.

G. The student will expand a rich vocabulary through reading experiences with varied, meaningful texts.

H. The student will read a variety of formats, such as stories, poems, plays, reports, and other technical writing across the curriculum.

J. The student will demonstrate an independent ability to use syntax, semantics, and structural analysis to construct meaning and monitor comprehension in more advanced ways.

K. The student will ask questions to clarify the viewpoint of others, to develop new understandings, and to view findings from various perspectives when reading.

L. The student will assimilate and synthesize information from various sources and convey it clearly to others.

  • Use reading processes to understand information.
  • Use strategies to organize information and analyze topics

N. The student will place a variety of works into appropriate historical and cultural context and relate to other situations, content areas, and time periods.

O. The student will select and read from a wide range of cultures and genres

II. Listening

A. The student will use interviewing techniques to gain information.

  • Listen critically and make notes of responses.
  • Compare, contrast, and defend different point of view.
  • Recognize propaganda.
  • Compile and report responses.

C. The student will expand a rich vocabulary through listening experiences with varied, meaningful texts.

III. Speaking

  1. The student will use interviewing techniques to gain information
  • Compare, contrast, and defend different point of view

B. The student will speak in a variety of forms with a sense of audience and purpose.

  • Ask questions to clarify viewpoints and develop understanding.
  • Plan and deliver oral presentations and express ideas in a variety of forms to different audiences.
  • Respond to audience questions.
  • Present information creatively using dramatic presentations and/or video productions.
  • Confer with others to evaluate and revise spoken products.
  • Express ideas with fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and confidence.

C. The student will ask questions to view findings from various perspectives when participating in discussions or interviews.

D. The student will examine and determine validity, bias, purpose and audience, statements of opinion that are not clearly identified, and provision of support in spoken texts.

E. The student will expand a rich vocabulary through speaking experiences with varied, meaningful texts. 

IV. Writing

A. The student will write in a variety of forms including narrative, expository, and persuasive writings.

  • Use prewriting strategies to generate and organize ideas.
  • Focus on elaboration and organization.
  • Use appositive phrases to explain, restate, or add new information when needed.
  • Select specific vocabulary and information.
  • Use standard sentence formation, eliminating comma splices and other nonstandard forms of sentences that distract readers.
  • Revise writing for word choice, relative details, appropriate organization, sequence of events, consistent point of view, and transitions among paragraphs.
  • Edit final copies to ensure correct use of pronoun case, subject/verb agreement, verb tense inflections, and adjective and adverb comparisons.
  • Edit final copies to ensure correct spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and format.
  • Demonstrate fluency and flexibility.
  • Use narratives with introduction, complication, resolution, and attention to characterization.
  • Write persuasively using clear argumentative points with supporting evidence and varying viewpoints.
  • Write technical compositions showing evidence of working outlines, paraphrased notes, and working bibliographies.
  • Use available technology.

B. The student will use the writing process fluently and expand the use of writing to learn across the curriculum.

C. The student will keep reflective, dialogue, and double-entry journals and write drafts to understand and record experiences and ideas.

D. The student will demonstrate identifiable personal writing styles and write for both familiar and distant audiences.

E. The student will edit final written products for effectiveness.

F. The student will publish in a variety of formats, such as stories, poems, logs, notes, pamphlets, booklets, plays, and reports and other technical writing across the curriculum.

G. The student will evaluate effectiveness gained by adjusting use of formal and informal language according to setting, purpose, and audience.

H. The student will examine and determine validity, bias, purpose and audience, statements of opinion that are not clearly identified, and provision of adequate support in written texts.

I. The student will select and use a variety of forms in writing.

  • Vary writing to fit given purpose and audiences.
  • Compose personal writing (thank you notes, letter of request, etc.) in conventional forms.
  • Compose in other genres, such as research, poetry, stories, songs, essays, articles, and drama scripts.
  • Practice written forms in which conventions may be waived, such as poetry, advertisements, certain examples of fiction, and dialogue.

J. The student will assimilate and synthesize information from various sources and convey it clearly to others.

K. The student will write a variety of fiction and nonfiction texts for sustained periods of time.

L. The student will expand use of quality literature to enhance personal writing styles.

V. Research

A. The student will continue applying knowledge of resources and conducting research in preparing written and oral presentations.

  • Select and focus on one aspect of a topic.
  • Formulate research questions.
  • Select appropriate sources to support central ideas, concepts, and themes.
  • Use skimming and scanning techniques, as well as subheadings, to gather information.
  • Use note-taking, outlining, annotating, multiple drafts, and list of sources for research projects.
  • Combine information from variety of sources, text and electronic.
  • Select and evaluate a variety of perspectives.
  • Gather additional information as needed.

B. The student will assimilate and synthesize information from various sources and convey it clearly to others.

  • Use strategies to organize information and analyze topics.

C. The student will compare information sources and note the relevance or purpose of each for specific research projects.

VI. Computer/Technology Standards

A. The student will communicate through application software.

  • Compose and edit a multipage document at the keyboard, using word processing skills and the writing process steps.
  • Communicate spreadsheets by entering data and setting up formulas, analyzing data, and creating graphs or charts to visually represent data.
  • Communicate with databases by defining fields and entering data, sorting, and producing reports in various forms.
  • Use advanced publishing software, graphics programs, and scanners to produce page layouts.
  • Integrate databases, graphics, and spreadsheets into word-processed documents.

B. The student will communicate through networks and telecommunication.

  • Use local and worldwide network communication systems.
  • Develop hypermedia home page documents that can be accessed by worldwide networks.

C. The student will have a basic understanding of computer processing, storing, retrieval, and transmission technologies and a practical appreciation of the relevant advantages and disadvantages of various processing, storage, retrieval, and transmission technologies.

D. The student will process, store, retrieve, and transmit electronic information.

  • Use search strategies to retrieve electronic information.
  • Use electronic encyclopedias, almanacs, indexes, and catalogs to retrieve and select relevant information.
  • Use laser discs with a computer in an interactive mode.
  • Use local and wide-area networks and modem-delivered services to access and retrieve information from electronic databases.
  • Use databases to perform research.

Visual Arts

COMPONENT ONE: AESTHETIC PERCEPTION - Visual and Tactile

GOAL:

To develop and expand aesthetic perception.

OBJECTIVES:

Students will be able to:

  • Demonstrate aesthetic awareness of visual and tactile qualities in works of art, nature, events, and objects within the total environment.
  • Demonstrate perception of the physical world in terms of visual and tactile images and symbols which are unique to visual arts.

COMPONENT TWO: CREATIVE EXPRESSION - Artistic Knowledge and Skills

GOAL:

To develop and expand visual arts knowledge and skills in order to express ideas creatively.

OBJECTIVES:

Students will be able to:

  • Acquire artistic skills to express and communicate responses to experiences.
  • Recognize the importance of personal experiences and respect the originality in their own visual expressions and in the artworks of others.
  • Develop manipulative and organizational skills in using arts media effectively to translate ideas, feelings, and concepts.

COMPONENT THREE : VISUAL ARTS HERITAGE - Historical and Cultural

GOAL:

To acquire knowledge of historical and cultural developments which occur as a result of varying needs and aesthetic points of view

OBJECTIVES:

Students will be able to:

  • Study a variety of artworks and accomplishments of contemporary, historic, and prehistoric cultures.
  • Understand that art reflects, records, and shapes history and plays a role in every culture.
  • Gain an understanding of their creative abilities and their heritage within the context of a comprehensive world view.
  • Clarify their own aesthetic values and learn to appreciate differences in the aesthetic values of others.
Materials
Resources: 

Encyclopedias and other print materials

http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/posters/poster.
html

http://www.geocities.com/postergirls_of_worldwar2/inde
x.htm

http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/modern/propagan/propa
fla.htm

http://www.geocities.com/queenknuckles/postergirls.htm

http://www.nara.gov/exhall/powers/powers.html

http://www.openstore.com/posters/index.html

http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/
wwii-posters/

http://www.rarey.com/sites/rareybird/

http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/

Software:  Power Point, Word, Front Page
Hardware: Scanner, computer
See poster art propaganda of WWII

 

©2002 Winthrop University. All rights reserved. 
Last updated on February 15, 2002.
Contact Lisa Harris with comments.